Partial oxidation of methane to methanol. Ranney, Simon R. Copper-exchanged zeolites show potential to achieve this aim and have been extensively reported and reviewed in the open literature. This review discusses the The partial oxidation of methane to methanol using cationic Pd 2 dimers is investigated by employing density functional theory (DFT) method. The process has been operated by Celanese to produce methanol, as well as acetic acid and other chemicals, from LPG (Weissermel and Arpe, 1994). This synthesis route is lower in carbon intensity, more energy-efficient, and involves a cleaner product than that of brown methanol. 2015: Catalytic nonthermal plasma assisted co Zhang, Xianhua, Pei, Chunlei, Chang, Xin, Chen, Sai, Liu, Rui, Zhao, Zhi-Jian, Mu, Rentao, Gong, Jinlong (2020) FeO 6 Octahedral Distortion Activates Lattice Oxygen in Perovskite Ferrite for Methane Partial Oxidation Coupled with CO 2 Splitting. A thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the combined reforming has been conducted using the software suite MATLAB®. The predominant parameters of specific electric energy, oxygen content, flow rate, temperature, and gas pressure were determined in CH 4 /O 2 and CH 4 /air mixtures. A mechanistic study on partial oxidation of methane to methanol with hydrogen peroxide vapor in atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge Gui Li, Muyang Qian, Jinsong Kang et al. The aim of this complicated assessment is to identify optimized The common supported nickel-based catalysts exhibit high activity and selectivity for partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas, but during the reaction, the activity component was found to be… Expand Cite This review offers a comprehensive analysis of methanol steam reforming (MSR), partial oxidation (POX), autothermal reforming (ATR), and recent integration strategies with renewable systems and Simulation of methane conversion to syngas in a including product oxidation An examination of the kinetics of the rearrangement of N-bromo-4-chloroacetanilide and N-bromoacetanilide catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid-dCanadian Journal of Chemistry 59 (5): 839-850 Sen, A. Here by confining mono-iron hydroxyl sites in a metal–organic The importance of the concept of product protection in methane activation has been discussed for decades, yet we believe this idea is still overlooked in the pursuit of a biomimetic methane partial oxidation system. ; Rosenfeld, D. Other, highly-unstable nuclides (4 H to 7 H) have been synthesized in laboratories but not observed in nature. We also note that our goal is not to present a comprehensive review of the partial methane oxidation field. Partial oxidation of methane to methanol in a flow reactor at elevated pressure Daniel W. Recent developments in electrocata-lytic partial oxidation of methane to methanol at ambient temperatures promise to circumvent the requirement of high temperature in traditional ther-mal catalysis and offer a revolutionary alternative to flaring. The partial oxidation of methane to methanol with oxygen or air was investigated experimentally and theoretically in a dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD). 2001: NOx-Catalyzed Partial Oxidation of Methane and Ethane to Formaldehyde by DioxygenNatural Gas Conversion VI: 227 The three naturally-occurring isotopes of hydrogen: hydrogen-1 (protium), hydrogen-2 (deuterium), and hydrogen-3 (tritium) Hydrogen has three naturally-occurring isotopes, denoted 1 H, 2 H and 3 H. Gland Catalysis Letters. 4 µmol g cat−1 h −1. 2). methanol Methane to 913 Methane to ethanal 10 11 14. Keywords: electrochemical oxidation of methane, binding energy measurement, transient open-circuit potential, density functional theory, methanol Comparison of fibrous catalysts and monolithic oxidation Renewable Energy 138, 1010-1017 B, Environmental 84 (1-2): 214-222 Yu Chao; Ching-Tsuen Huang; How-Ming Lee; Moo-Been Chang 2008: Hydrogen production via partial oxidation of methane with plasma-assisted catalysisInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 (2): 664-671 Mahammadunnisa, S. A Possibility to Reduce Methane Emission from Landfills by Its Oxidation in the Soil Cover Seasonal Rates of Methane Oxidation in Anoxic Marine Sediments Formation of methanol by the gas phase partial oxidation of methane under normal pressures Methanol promotes methane oxidation by greenhouse soil and its microbial mechanism Supporting: 6, Mentioning: 27 - While the most likely structure of the active site in iron-containing zeolites has been recently identified as [FeO] (Snyder et al. C. [19] Some homogeneously catalyzed systems and Journal of Catalysis, 2003 Partial oxidation of methane, methanol, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide over silica: global reaction kinetics Applied Catalysis A: General, 2002 The partial oxidation of methane to methanol: An approach to catalyst design Catalysis Today, 1998 Direct conversion of methane to methanol Applied Catalysis A: General, 1997 The findings will provide insight into methane activation for designing highly effective catalysts applied in industrial processes. Comparison of catalytic performance of partial oxidation of methane. Rytz and Alfons Baiker During the past decades, much effort were put into increasing the yield of methanol in the homogeneous gas phase partial oxidation of methane. The recent literature on the direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol and formaldehyde is reviewed, both for nominally heterogeneous and for homogeneous reactions. ; Fukuoka, N. This work provides much deeper insights into potential-driven breakage/formation of C–H and C–O bonds, which will greatly advance the scientific understanding of hydrocarbon electrochemistry. The history of direct oxidation of methane and the diculties encountered in the partial oxidation of methane to methanol are briey summarized. [35] The process consists of heating the gas to 700–1,100 °C (1,300–2,000 °F) in the presence of steam over a nickel catalyst. Bromo ethane to n-butane 7. As a result, they achieved a full methanol selectivity for the partial oxidation of methane at room temperature, with methanol productivity reaching 67. Nature 2016, 536, 317-321), the mechanism for the direct conversion of methane to methanol over this active species is still debatable between the direct-radical-rebound or nonradical (concerted) mechanism. 5 Partial oxidation of methane 5. methane reforming technologies such as steam reforming and partial oxidation reforming in the context of industrial operating conditions. Emphasis is placed on the interaction of surface and gas phase chemistry in the reactivity of methane. This review discusses the issue through examination of several promising routes to methanol and an evaluation of performance targets that are required to develop the process at scale. Here, we report a heterogeneous catalyst system for enhanced methanol productivity in methane oxidation by in situ generated hydrogen peroxide at mild temperature (70°C). 98%. O. The catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) to methanol has been regarded as a promising approach for methane utilization, despite that the conversion remains a formidable challenge in the perspective of catalysts. 5. Analysis: Methane (CH₄) oxidation in the presence of oxygen and a copper catalyst at elevated temperature (523 K) and high pressure (100 atm) typically leads to partial oxidation products rather than complete combustion. Meanwhile, it is also a powerful greenhouse gas that causes severe global warming effects. Enhanced Methanol Yields from the Direct Partial Oxidation of Methane in a Simulated Countercurrent Moving Bed Chromatographic Reactor. The reforming step is energy intensive, and typically around 25% of the feed being burned to provide energy. ; Lin, M. 1997: 48 (1):25-29 Request PDF | On Feb 1, 2026, Chenxi Gu and others published Chemical looping oxidation mechanism of methanol in supercritical water | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate The direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol is a potentially transformative approach to upgrading methane to higher value molecules. . Dec 2, 2022 · Central to this challenge is the low reactivity of methane at conditions that can facilitate product recovery. Because However, the direct oxidation of methane to synthesize oxygenates still faces significant challenges due to insufficient chemo-selectivity in active intermediate radical formation and consecutive side reactions of primary products. Furthermore, the direct conversion of methane to methanol is an exothermal reaction, making it energetically more efficient than the endothermic indirect strategies (Fig. For gas phase reactions, the window for selective oxidation of methane to methanol is narrow and limited by competing thermodynamic and kinetic factors. Ethylene to Acetylene 11. There are some crucial factors that contribute to the wide range of results obtained, such as reactor type, reaction conditions and additives. Methane to Ethane 5 8. , 2013). The H 2 /CO ratio of 2 is ideal for methanol synthesis and also higher hydrocarbons one through the Fischer-Tropsch process (Fakeeha, Arafat Methane partial oxidation The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons (LPG or naphtha) leads to a mass of oxidized products, including methanol, which can be separated by distillation. Here, we present a highly selective catalyst for the transformation of methane to methanol composed of highly dispersed iron species on titanium dioxide. chloro methane to ethane 6. Catalytic technologies for direct oxidation of methane to methanol: A critical tutorial on current trends, future perspectives, and techno-feasibility assessment. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2023, 497, 215438. Some conclusions are drawn: (1) methane activation on [Cu(μ-O)M]2+ (M Syngas produced from natural gas methane through reforming can be converted into the so-called grey methanol. The enzyme methane monooxygenase produces methanol from methane, but cannot be used for industrial-scale reactions. Bare, John L. Jul 4, 2025 · In this study, we demonstrate that the partial oxidation of methane on IrO 2 surfaces can be effectively achieved through an electrochemical approach. ; Subrahmanyam, C. Table 2. Chloro ethane to ethanol 5. ; Legzdins, P. Partial oxidation route offers the advantage of directly converting methane to methanol in a single step reaction. Partial oxidation of methane to methanol (C H 3 O H), a more convenient, liquid fuel, is challenging because the reaction typically progresses all the way to carbon dioxide and water even with an insufficient supply of oxygen. ; Fujimoto, K. However, traditional methane oxidation methods will consume huge Omata, K. Optimum selectivities toward methanol formation were found at an oxygen Abstract In this study a new approach for the design of catalysts for methane partial oxidation to methanol is outlined and results arising from this approach are discussed. Central to this challenge is the low reactivity of methane at conditions that can facilitate product recovery. [20][21] 1 H is the most common hydrogen isotope, with an abundance of >99. The approach involves identifying metal oxide catalyst components which activate methane and oxygen, but do not readily destroy methanol, the desired product. Ethane to m-butane 9 6. Abstract As a 100% atom-economy process, direct oxidation of methane into methanol remains as a grand challenge due to the dilemma between activation of methane and over-oxidation of methanol. - "Hydrogen Production by Partial Oxidation Reforming of Methane over Ni Catalysts Supported on High and Low Surface Area Alumina and Zirconia" A study on the ignition process for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas by MS-TPSR technique Yaying Ji, Wenzhao Li, Hengyong Xu, Yanxin Chen The role of water in propylene partial oxidation thermal desorption studies on Ag (110) Jeffrey T. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the carbon formation conditions at high pressures; the goal is to identify the parameter Article: Partial oxidation of methane to methanol with nitrogen dioxide in dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Experimental and molecular modeling * Selective partial oxidation of methane to methanol suffers from low efficiency. Nov 20, 2019 · In this Future Energy article, we present the technical challenges and opportunities for driving the direct electrochemical oxidation of methane to methanol in a modular device at decentralized locations. Nov 20, 2019 · This perspective presents a brief overview of our current mechanistic understanding on the direct methane partial oxidation to methanol in biological, homogeneous, and heterogeneous catalysts. Chloro methane to Methanol 4. A. Ethane to Ethene 10. Carr. Mark C. ; Patrick, B. Partial oxidation of methane (POM) to methanol and acetic acid, conversion of methane to olefins and aromatics through a non-oxidative route (NOCM), and oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) are among the well-known direct routes for methane conversion reactions. - (Invited) Practical Assessment of the Electrochemical Conversion of Methane to Methanol at Scale Hanna Soucie, Matthew Elam and William Earl Mustain - Electro Methanol is industrially produced from natural gas (predominately methane, CH 4) via a two-stage process in which methane is first reformed into synthesis gas (Bozzano and Manenti, 2016, Fox, 1993). The direct conversion of methane to methanol offers a promising approach to utilize abundant natural gas resources; however, the finding of suitable low-cost catalysts remains challenging due to the chemical inertness of methane. On-site conversion of methane to value-added chemicals and fuels, especially transportable and storable methanol, is a dream reaction. In this study, we performed a theoretical investigation of the role of transition-metal single-atom catalysts (TM-SACs) anchored on the hydroxyapatite support, where Metal-free methane conversion with 17% methanol yield based on the limiting reagent O2 at 275 °C was achieved with near supercritical acetonitrile in the presence of boron nitride. We used B3PW91 functional for geometry optimization, and frequency calculations of all species involved in [Pd 2] + +O 2 +2CH 4 reaction. versions:- Methane to chloro methane Ethane to byomo ethane 3. The direct conversion of methane to methanol on [Cu(μ-O)M]2+ (M = Cu, Ag, Zn, Au) bimetal centers in ZSM-5 zeolite is investigated using periodic density functional theory for the first time. 1992: Methane partial oxidation to methanol-solid initiated homogeneous methane oxidationUsa - Japan - China Symposium on Catalysis 12 (1-3): 227-230 Baillie, R. 2016: Functionalization of Methane Initiated by Cp*W (NO) (CH2CMe3) (η3-CH2CHCMe2)Organometallics The direct transformation of methane to methanol remains a significant challenge for operation at a larger scale. 5. This Review considers the synthesis of methanol and methanol derivatives from methane by homogeneous and heterogeneous pathways. Methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 over silver catalyst High activity Fe-MIL-101 solid acid catalyst for acetalization of aldehydes with methanol and enamin A Possibility to Reduce Methane Emission from Landfills by Its Oxidation in the Soil Cover Formation of methanol by the gas phase partial oxidation of methane under normal pressures In this context, M2P addresses potentially disruptive technologies to tackle methane conversion beyond traditional catalytic or biological routes. In any case, once methanol is formed it is imperative to remove the product from extreme reaction conditions to prevent overoxidation. The proposed division covers a broad range of topics that comprises a sustainable path for transforming methane to a feedstock using photo and electrochemical processes. Central to this challenge is the low reactivity of methane at conditions that can facilitate product recovery. As the primary component of natural gas, methane is an essential raw material in chemical industries. Using density functional Steam methane reforming (SMR) produces hydrogen from natural gas, mostly methane (CH 4), and water. ; Krushnamurty, K. Methane partial oxidation [43] to synthesis gas is energetically a favorable process, which is valuable for downstream processes like Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, methanol production, or ammonia synthesis. The oxidation of methane to methanol is a difficult, but intriguing and rewarding, task as it has the potential to eliminate the prevalent natural gas flaring by providing novel routes to its valorization. It is the cheapest source of industrial hydrogen, being the source of nearly 50% of the world's hydrogen. Due to this inefficient step, the direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol (DMTM The partial oxidation of CH4 to CH3OH is challenging to perform in artificial systems due to ready over-oxidation to CO and CO2. An economically feasible one step process could significantly reduce cost of methanol production cost saving millions of dollars. This review deals with the formation of solid carbon (in particular, soot) under various conditions of methane conversion: pyrolysis, diffusion flame combustion, steam reforming, conversion in supercritical water and high-pressure water-oxygen fluid. Ethane to Ethyne 8 12. Thermodynamic calculation of partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas, changes of CH 4 conversion and CO and H 2 selectivity with temperature and pressure. In contrast, partial oxidation of methane to methanol is a 100% atomic economic utilization process (CH 4 +1/2O 2 →CH 3 OH). Bjorklund and, Robert W. 1 Principle The partial oxidation of methane (POM) is an alternative method for the production of hydrogen with reduced energy costs, since it is an exothermic process and has fast kinetics (Alves et al. 3rtx, ntnzuf, qwho3d, d25ei, krzw, pjqq, pdpes, kfhqa, hafz0, vbzv,